DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL
HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (Solanum quitoense)
POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
DETERMINATION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN NARANJILLA (Solanum quitoense)
BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
Gabriela Cueva T.
Palabras clavesF9J9FBADD9A;DGJG>=FGPAV;A<G9;XLA;G@=J:A;A<9
Keywords: F9J9FBADD9A;@DGJGH@=FGPQ9;=LA;9;A<@=J:A;A<=
RESUMEN
DG:B=LANG<=DHJ=K=FL==KLM<AG>M=MLADAR9JD9;JGE9LG?J9>Y9<=?9K=KH9J9<=
L=JEAF9JDGKFAN=D=K<=J=KA<M9DA<9<<=D@=J:A;A<9A;DGJG>=FGPAV;A<G9;X
LA;G=FF9J9FBADD9Solanum quitoense(M=KLJ9K<==KL9>JML9>M=JGFLGE9<9K
<=LJ=K;=FLJGK<==PH=F<AGHGHMD9JGE=J;9<GKM:A;9<GK=F=D;=FLJGKMJQ
FGJL=<=D9;AM<9<<=,MALG+9J9=D9FVDAKAKQ;M9FLA>A;9;A[F<=D@=J:A;A<9K=
MLADAR[MFEXLG<G;GFLAFMG<==PLJ9;;A[F@A<J[DAKAKQ=KL=JA>A;9;A[FV;A<99D
;GFN=JLAJ=DA;DGJG>=FGPAV;A<G9;XLA;G9D<=JAN9<GA;DGJG>=FGPAE=LAD
XKL=J=D;M9DK==P9EAF[E=<A9FL=;JGE9LG?J9>Y9<=?9K=K;GF<=L=;LGJ<=;9H
LMJ9<==D=;LJGF=K 'GKJ=KMDL9<GKEGKLJ9JGFIM==D<=D9KEM=KLJ9K
=KL9:9F;GFL9EAF9<9KHGJ=D@=J:A;A<9;GFMFFAN=D<=J=KA<M9DA<9<KMH=JAGJ
1 +GFLA>A;A90FAN=JKA<9<9L[DA;9<=D ;M9<GJ!9;MDL9<<=A=F;A9K P9;L9KQ)9LMJ9D=K K;M=D9<=A=F;A9K
,MYEA;9K=FLJG<=$FN=KLA?9;A[F=F F>=JE=<9<=K$F>=;;AGK9K,MALG ;M9<GJ?>;M=N9HM;==<M=;
57
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 57
'9<=E9F<9<=9DAE=FLGK=FDGKH9
YK=K<=DEMF<G=FL=JG;J=;=;GFKA
<=J9:D=E=FL= HGJ =D ;J=;AEA=FLG
<=EG?JV>A;GA9JA9E=FL=K=J=IMA=
J=E9QGJHJG<M;;A[F<=9DAE=FLGKQ
=FDGKH9YK=K=FNY9K<=<=K9JJGDDG
MF9?J9FH9JL=<=D9HG:D9;A[FK=<=
<A;999;LANA<9<=K9?JY;GD9K9;GJ<=
;GFD9*J?9FAR9;A[F<=D9K)9;AGF=K
0FA<9K H9J9 D9 DAE=FL9;A[F Q D9
?JA;MDLMJ9!* D ;M9<GJHGJKM
HGKA;A[F ?=G?JV>A;9 D9K ;GJJA=FL=K
E9JAF9KQ=D;DAE9=KMFH9YKHJANAD=
?A9<G=FLJ=DGK<=EXJA;9'9LAF9=K
=FL=J9E=FL=MFL=JJALGJAG;MDLAN9:D=Q
<=:A<G9=KLGK>9;LGJ=K9LEGK>XJA;GK
=PAKL=MF9?J9F<AN=JKA<9<<==;GKAK
L=E9KQEA;JG;DAE9KDG;M9D?=F=J9
MF[HLAEG<=K9JJGDDG<=D99?JA;MDLMJ9
=FLG<9KD9KJ=?AGF=K9<=EVKD9>9;A
DA<9<<==F;GFLJ9J9D9E9QGJY9<=DGK
HJG<M;LGKN=?=L9D=K<MJ9FL=LG<G=D
9ZGDG;M9DFGG;MJJ==FGLJGKH9YK=K
+=JG;GFBMFL9E=FL=H9J9D9G:L=F
;A[F<=HJG<M;LGKK9FGKQ9?J9<9
:D=K 9 DGK K=FLA<GK K= MLADAR9F
KMKL9F;A9KIMYEA;9K;GEGDGKHD9?MA
58
infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
9DH=JEALA<GHGJD9*J?9FAR9;A[F<=D9K)9;AGF=K0FA<9KH9J9D9DAE=FL9;A[F
QD9?JA;MDLMJ9!*HGJKMKKA?D9K=FAF?DXK
ABSTRACT
/@=9AEG>L@=HJ=K=FLKLM<QO9KLGMK=?9K;@JGE9LG?J9H@Q9F9DQKAKLG<=L=J
EAF=L@=J=KA<M9DD=N=DKG>L@=@=J:A;A<=A;@DGJGH@=FGPQ9;=LA;9;A<AF
F9J9FBADD9Solanum quitoense.9EHD=KG>L@AK>JMALO=J=L9C=F>JGEL@J==HGH
MD9JE9JC=LKDG;9L=<AF;=FLJ9DKGML@9F<FGJL@G>,MALG;ALQ!GJL@=9F9DQKAK
9F<IM9FLA>A;9LAGFG>L@AKH=KLA;A<=9;GFLAFMGMK=PLJ9;LAGFE=L@G<O9K9;A<
@Q<JGDQKAK9F<=KL=JA>A;9LAGF;GFN=JLAF?L@=A;@DGJGH@=FGPQ9;=LA;9;A<
LGL@=<=JAN9LAN=A;@DGJGH@=FGPQE=L@QD=KL=JO@A;@O9K=P9EAF=<:Q
?9K;@JGE9LG?J9H@QOAL@ D=;LJGF9HLMJ==L=;LGJ /@=J=KMDLKK@GO=<
L@9L  G> L@= K9EHD=K O=J= ;GFL9EAF9L=< OAL@ L@= @=J:A;A<= 
A;@DGJGH@=FGPQ9;=LA;9;A<OAL@9EM;@@A?@=JJ=KA<M9DD=N=DH=JEALL=<:Q
!GG<9F<?JA;MDLMJ=*J?9FAR9LAGFG>L@=0FAL=<)9LAGFK!*
INTRODUCCIÓN
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 58
59
DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (
Solanum quitoense
) POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
;A<9K G :AG;A<9K IM= =DAEAF9F Q
;GFLJGD9FHD9?9KK=9F=KL9K9FAE9D=K
AFK=;LGK@GF?GKQG:9;L=JA9K KLGK
IMYEA;GK A?M9DE=FL= KGF MK9<GK
;GEG@GJEGF9K<=;J=;AEA=FLG>=J
LADAR9FL=K<=HJGL=YF9KQKAJN=FH9J9
E=BGJ9J=DL9E9ZGQ9KH=;LG<=D9DA
E=FLGQ9ME=FL9J9KYD9HJG<M;LANA
<9<9JJ=J9
H=K9J<=D9KN=FL9B9KIM=:JAF<9F
DGKHD9?MA;A<9K9D99?JA;MDLMJ9=KLGK
HGK==F?J9F<=KAF;GFN=FA=FL=K;G
EGD9LGPA;A<9<=F9FAE9D=KHD9FL9K
QK=J@ME9FGD?MF9K<==KL9KKMK
L9F;A9KIMYEA;9KQ9@9FKA<GE9L=JA9
<= =KLM<AGK :AGIMYEA;GKAEH9;LGK
=FD9K9DM<Q=D9E:A=FL=Q@9FKA<G
9HJG:9<GKGJ=;@9R9<GKHGJD9*J
?9FAR9;A[F (MF<A9D <= D9 .9DM<
*(.QD9!*
FFM=KLJGH9YK9H=K9JIM==DMKGQ
;GE=J;A9DAR9;A[F <= DGK H=KLA;A<9K
=KLV:9BG=D;GFLJGD<==FLA<9<=K?M
:=JF9E=FL9D=K H=JLAF=FL=K Q IM=
=PAKL=F=FJ=?AKLJGKG>A;A9D=KDGKHJG
<M;LGKIMYEA;GKHJG@A:A<GKGJ=KLJAF
?A<GK9]FK=KA?M=FMLADAR9F<GHJG
<M;LGK9?JGIMYEA;GK <= ;9L=?GJY9K
<=LGPA;A<9<$$Q$$$<=9;M=J<G;GF
?JG;9DA<9< ;M9<GJ DE9DMKG<=
DGKHD9?MA;A<9K;GFL9EAF9=D=FLGJFG
HJ[PAEGF9LMJ9DK=9=KL=D9KHD9FL9K
KM=DG9?M9Q9<A;AGF9DE=FL==JJ9
<A;9AFK=;LGK:M=FGKQE9DGK;J=9
J=KAKL=F;A9Q;9MK9?J9N=K9DL=J9;AG
F=K=FD9;9<=F9LJ[>A;9+9REAZG
 F=KL==KLM<AGK=9F9DAR[E=
<A9FL=;JGE9LG?J9>Y9<=?9K=KDGKFA
N=D=KJ=KA<M9D=K<=D@=J:A;A<9
=FF9J9FBADD9Solanum quitoense=F
D9 N9JA=<9< jF9J9FBADD9 <= BM?Gk G
j:GD9k D A;DGJG>=FGPA V;A<G
9;XLA;GGXKL=J=KMF
@=J:A;A<9jK=D=;LANGk<=>GDA9FL=Q9
D9N=R=KLAEMD9<GJ<=;J=;AEA=FLG
HGJKMEG<G<=9;;A[FKAEAD9J9D9
@GJEGF9<=;J=;AEA=FLGN=?=L9D9M
PAF9V;A<GAF<GD9;XLA;GL9;99
D9K HD9FL9K <= @GB9 9F;@9 ]FA;9
E=FL=9D9N=RIM==KLAEMD9=D;J=;A
EA=FLG<=HD9FL9K;GF@GB9<=D?9<9
=B9J9FG  DGK HJG<M;LGJ=K
9HDA;9F<=9N=;=K=KL=HJG<M;LG
H9J9AF;J=E=FL9J=DL9E9ZG<=D>JMLG
9 H=K9J <= DGK =>=;LGK L[PA;GK IM=
HJ=K=FL9=DJ=KLG<=D9HD9FL91VK
IM=R+J=K=FL9?J9<G<=LGPA
;A<9<$$GEG<=J9<GQ>M=MFG<=DGK
;GEHGF=FL=K<=Dj?=FL=F9J9FB9k
MK9<G=FD9.=?MF<9"M=JJ9(MF
<A9D FMF=KLM<AG<=FAN=D=K
J=KA<M9D=K<=@=J:A;A<9KQH=KLA;A<9K
J=9DAR9<G=FF9J9FBADD9QLGE9L=<=
VJ:GDE=<A9FL=D9LX;FA;9AFEMFG
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 59
MÉTODO Y MATERIALES
D=KLM<AGK=J=9DAR[=FD9HJGNAF;A9
<=+A;@AF;@9;9FL[F,MALGAKLJALG
(=LJGHGDAL9FG <= ,MALG =F =D 9ZG
!M=JGFK=D=;;AGF9<GKLJ=K
;=FLJGK <= 9:9KL=;AEA=FLG <= HJG
<M;LGK9?JY;GD9K(=J;9<G(9QGJAKL9
K=;LGJ KMJ (=J;9<G .9F -GIM=
K=;LGJ;=FLJGQ(=J;9<G<=GLG;G
DD9GK=;LGJFGJL=<=:A<G9IM=?J9F
H9JL=<=D9HJG<M;;A[F<==KL9>JML9
=J9 LJ9FKHGJL9<9 <=K<= =D *JA=FL=
=;M9LGJA9FG K=;LGJ=K <= 9=R9
)9HGQ/=F9QDD=?9F9=KLGK;=FLJGK
<==PH=F<AG DEM=KLJ=GK=J=9DAR[
<=9;M=J<G;GF=D;JAL=JAG<=D9!*
H9J9=DEM=KLJ=G<=N=?=L9D=KH9J9
9FVDAKAK<=@=J:A;A<9KQHD9?MA;A<9K
K=9<IMAJA=JGFjDGL=Kk<==FLJ=9
MFA<9<=K=FLJ=KHM=KLGK<=N=FL9<A
>=J=FL=KKAFK=D=;;A[FHJ=NA99<9
DGL= GEM=KLJ9>M= H=K9<G=LAIM=
L9<GQ;GFK=JN9<G=FJ=>JA?=J9;A[F
HGJMFD9HKGFGE9QGJ9<Y9K@9KL9
KMHGKL=JAGJ9FVDAKAK=;9<9DGL=K=
G:LMNG MF9 EM=KLJ9 J=HJ=K=FL9LAN9
<=?J9EGKE=<A9FL=;GJL=@G
EG?=FAR9;A[F Q ;M9JL=JAR9;A[F <=
D9K>JML9KHA;9<9K+9REAZG
DEXLG<G=EHD=9<G>M==D<=2&=
DD=JQ.*LLG+=L=JH9J9@=J
:A;A<9K GJ?9FG;DGJ9<GK Q ;GFKAKL=
=FD9=PLJ9;;A[FE=LYDA;9@A<J[DAKAKQ
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60
infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
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infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 60
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N=JKMKD9K;GF;=FLJ9;AGF=K9>AF<=
AFL=JHGD9J=DVJ=9<=D9EM=KLJ9QG:
L=F=J=DN9DGJ<=D9;GF;=FLJ9;A[F
Figura 1. Esterificación del 2,4-Diclorofenoxi ácido acético.
El 2,4-Diclorofenoxi ácido acético (A) junto con el metanol acuoso (20%),
en presencia de ácido sulfúrico 3M genera el 2,4-Diclorofenoxi metil éster (B)
61
DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (
Solanum quitoense
) POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
E=FL==KL=>ADLJ9<GH9K9HGJMF9=P
LJ9;;A[F;GF<A;DGJGE=L9FGQD9>9K=
9;MGK9J=KMDL9FL==K9;A<A>A;9<9;GF
KGDM;A[F<=V;A<GKMD>]JA;G(.=D9
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KG<AG9F@A<JG)9
.*
A)
B)
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 61
(=<A9FL=D9KD=;LMJ9K<=DAFL=?J9<GJ
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;9<9EM=KLJ9
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infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
62
RESULTADOS
Tabla 1. Cantidad de herbicida 2,4-Diclorofenoxi ácido acético encontrada
en los diferentes lotes y muestras analizadas en el ensayo
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 62
GF J=KH=;LG 9 DGK J=KMDL9<GK K=
HM=<=G:K=JN9JIM==D?J9<G<=J=KA
<M9DA<9<<=D@=J:A;A<9A;DGJG
>=FGPAV;A<G9;XLA;G=FD9KEM=KLJ9K
<=F9J9FBADD9=KE9QGJ=F=DHJAE=J
DGL=Q=FDGK<GKDGL=KKA?MA=FL=KK=
J=N=D[MF9<AKEAFM;A[F<=D=F
DGKFAN=D=KJ=KA<M9D=K!A?MJ9
DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (
Solanum quitoense
) POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
63
Figura 2. Cantidad (Promedio) de 2,4-Diclorofenoxi ácido acético
por lotes de muestreo
<A;AGF9DE=FL=Q=FJ=D9;A[F;GFD9
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<=DGK;=FLJGK<==PH=F<AG(=J;9<G
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Figura 3. Cantidad (Promedio) de 2,4-Diclorofenoxi ácido acético
por centro de expendio. Mm: Mercado Mayorista; Sr: San Roque; Cc: Cotocollao
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 63
3 + FNAJGFE=FL9D+JGL=;LAGF?=F;Q*(.
DISCUSIÓN
64
infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
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Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de los en-
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MF9<=?J9<9;A[FJVHA<9=F=DKM=DG
HGJHJG;=KGKIMYEA;GKQ:AGD[?A;GK
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 64
CONCLUSIONES
'9K;9FLA<9<=K<=D@=J:A;A<9A
;DGJG>=FGPAV;A<G9;XLA;G=F;GFLJ9
<9K=FLG<9KD9KEM=KLJ9K<=F9J9F
BADD99F9DAR9<9KKMH=J9FDGKDYEAL=K
H=JEALA<GKHGJ*J?9FAR9;AGF=KAFL=J
F9;AGF9D=K9FL=JAGJE=FL=E=F;AGF9
<9KKAF=E:9J?GFGK=@9F=F;GF
LJ9<G=KLM<AGK;GEH9J9LANGK=FLJ==D
FAN=D<=J=KA<MGK<=HD9?MA;A<9K=F
>JML9K ;GF ;VK;9J9 G KAF =DD9 9KY
;GEGD9<A>=J=F;A9;A[F<=J=KMDL9<GK
<=J=KA<M9DA<9<=FLJ=>JML9K;G;A<9K
Q;JM<9KQ9K=9<==KL=@=J:A;A<9M
GLJG:AG;A<9=FH9JLA;MD9JHGJDG;M9D
=DH9YKF=;=KAL9AF;J=E=FL9J=KLM<AGK
LGPA;GD[?A;GK<=DGKH=KLA;A<9KIM=K=
65
DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (
Solanum quitoense
) POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
(GJ=FG'9J9'9E9L=JA9
GJ?VFA;9=DH#Q=D9DMEAFAGAFL=J
;9E:A9:D=KGF>9;LGJ=KIM=9>=;L9F
D99<KGJ;A[F<==KL=@=J:A;A<9=F=D
KM=DG=B9J9FG
'9 H=JKAKL=F;A9 G 9;MEMD9;A[F <=D
EAKEG@=J:A;A<9HM=<=<9JK=:9BG
;GF<A;AGF=K ;DAEVLA;9K =KH=;A9D=K
XHG;9K=;9G>JY9=FD9K;M9D=KD9
9;LANA<9<:AGD[?A;9K=J=<M;=DG;M9D
HG<JY9=PHDA;9JD9<A>=J=F;A9=FLJ=D9K
;GF;=FLJ9;AGF=K=F;GFLJ9<9K=FDGK
LJ=KDGL=K<=EM=KLJ9K9F9DAR9<9K.=
@9G:K=JN9<GIM=D9K>JML9K<=VJ:G
D=KGHD9FL9KLJ9L9<9KJ=LA=F=FJ=KA
<MGK <=  @9KL9 HGJ KA=L=
K=E9F9K =B9J9FG  PAKL=F
J=HGJL=K<=D9*J?9FAR9;A[F(MF<A9D
<=D9.9DM<=FDGK;M9D=KK=<=L9DD9
IM=D9K;9FLA<9<=KAF?=JA<9KHGJ9DA
E=FLGK;GFL9EAF9<GKHGJ@=J:A;A<9K
KGFEMQ:9B9KH9J9G;9KAGF9JHJG
:D=E9K=FD9K9DM<Q9IM=K=<=?J9
<9FJVHA<9E=FL=QKGF=P;J=L9<9K=F
D9GJAF9(GJ=FG'9J9 KL9K
9>AJE9;AGF=KHG<JY9F=PHDA;9JD99M
K=F;A9<=J=HGJL=K <=AFLGPA;9;A[F
HGJAF?=KL9<=9DAE=FLGK;GFL9EAF9
<GK;GFHD9?MA;A<9K9MFIM=FGK=
@9F=F;GFLJ9<GJ=?AKLJGKG>A;A9D=K<=
=KL=LAHG<=;9KGKEX<A;GK=:A<G
9=KLGK=<=:=AF;J=E=FL9J=D=KLM
<AG<=D9J=KA<M9DA<9<<=DGKHD9?MA
;A<9K=>=;LGK=FD9K9DM<QLX;FA;9K
9DL=JF9LAN9KH9J9=NAL9J=DMKG<=H=K
LA;A<9KL[PA;GK<=JA=K?G9E:A=FL9DQ
@ME9FG Q9 IM= =KL9 AF>GJE9;A[F
9QM<9JY99DE=BGJ9EA=FLG<=D9HJG
<M;;A[F 9?JY;GD9 KM AFG;MA<9< Q
L9E:AXF9D<=K;M:JAEA=FLG<=HGKA
:D=K>9;LGJ=KAEHGJL9FL=K;9MK9FL=K
<= =F>=JE=<9<=K ;JYLA;9K ;GEG =D
;VF;=J$:J9@AE
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 65
66
infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
MK9F =F ?J9F H9JL= <= DGK ;MDLANGK
=PAKL=FL=K
D KL9<GQD9K*J?9FAR9;AGF=K?M
:=JF9E=FL9D=KJ=D9;AGF9<9K;GFD9
9?JA;MDLMJ9=KL9JY9F=F=D;9EHG<=
D9D=?AKD9;A[FMKGE9F=BGQ>MLMJ9
=JJ9<A;9;A[F<=HD9?MA;A<9KL[PA;GK
=FDGK;MDLANGK KF=;=K9JAGAEHD=
E=FL9J HJG?J9E9K <= =<M;9;A[F Q
;9H9;AL9;A[F9DGK9?JA;MDLGJ=KH9J9
=D:M=FMKG<=9?JGIMYEA;GK9>AF
<=<AKEAFMAJ=FN=F=F9EA=FLGKQHJG
:D=E9K<=K9DM<=F =KL=K=;LGJ'9
AEHD=E=FL9;A[F<=DGK;MDLANGKGJ?V
FA;GK=FFM=KLJGH9YK<=:=JY9AF;J=
E=FL9JK= Q9 IM= L9FLG F9;AGF9D
;GEGAFL=JF9;AGF9DE=FL=DGK9DAE=F
LGK?=F=J9<GKHGJ=KL9LX;FA;9DA:J=<=
IMYEA;GKKGF9DL9E=FL=9HJ=;A9<GK
J=;A:=F E9QGJ=K J=EMF=J9;AGF=K
=;GF[EA;9KQ;GEG:=F=>A;AG9E
:A=FL9D=DKM=DGLA=F<=9J=;MH=J9JKM
FAN=D9?JY;GD9[HLAEG'9K>J=;M=FL=K
9HDA;9;AGF=K<=HD9?MA;A<9KLA=F=FD9
HGKA:ADA<9< <=D AF;J=E=FLG =F D9
;GF;=FLJ9;A[F<==KLGK9?JGIMYEA;GK
=F =D KM=DG DG ;M9D G;9KAGF9JY9 9
D9J?GHD9RGMF9<AKEAFM;A[F=FD9
N=DG;A<9<<=<=K;GFL9EAF9;A[FF9
LMJ9D<=D9E:A=FL=MFE9QGJAEH9;LG
9E:A=FL9DQHJG:D=E9K<=K9DM<=F
DGKK=J=K@ME9FGK$FN=KLA?9;AGF=K
KG:J=D9H=JE9F=F;A9Q=>=;LGK<=J=
KA<MGK<==KL=@=J:A;A<9=F9?M9KQ
KM=DGK Q =KLM<AGK <= :AGJJ=E=<A9
;A[FHG<JY9FK=JNAJH9J9G:L=F=J;MD
LANGKDA:J=K<=;GFL9EAF9FL=KL[PA;GK
Q=NAL9J;GEHDA;9;AGF=KHGKL=JAGJ=K
=F=D9E:A=FL=Q=FD9K9DM<H]:DA;9
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 8:55 Página 66
LITERATURA CITADA
67
DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DEL HERBICIDA 2,4-DICLOROFENOXI-ÁCIDO
ACÉTICO EN NARANJILLA (
Solanum quitoense
) POR CROMATOGRAFÍA DE GASES
?JG;9DA<9<(AFAKL=JAG<=?JA;MDLMJ9Q
"9F9<=JY9 AKHGFA:D= =F OOO
9?JG;9DA<9<?G:=;
=B9J9FG ! .GMR9 % -GR9K ( 
)ANA9 -9EYJ=R!VJ;9EG#
"GFRVD=R# 2,4-D Razo-
nes para su prohibición mundial.
-=<<=;;A[FKG:J=+D9?MA;A<9KQ
DL=JF9LAN9K=F(XPA;G-+(
9=<(XPA;G!(XPA;G6KF7
9JJ=J9% N9DM9;A[F<=D >=;LG
<=AGJJ=?MD9<GJ=KKG:J=D9;9DA<9<
Q L9E9ZG <=D >JMLG <= )9J9FBADD9
(Solanum quitoense) =FD9DG;9DA
<9<<=)9F=?9DALG +JGQ=;LG<=AF
N=KLA?9;A[F HJ=K=FL9<G ;GEG
J=IMAKALGH9J;A9DH9J9GHL9J9D/Y
LMDG <= $F?=FA=JG ?JGH=;M9JAG
.+ ,MALG ;M9<GJ6KF7
G<=P DAE=FL9JAMK !**(. (9PA
EMEDAEALK>GJH=KLA;A<=J=KA<M=K
-GE=<AKHGFA:D==FOOO;G<=P9
DAE=FL9JAMKGJ?
FNAJGFE=FL9D+JGL=;LAGF?=F;Q +
*(.<AKHGFA:D==FOOO=H9?GN
!GG<9F<?JA;MDLMJ=*J?9FAR9LAGFG>/@=
0FAL=<)9LAGFK!*AKHGFA:D=
=F@LLHOOO>9GGJ?
$:J9@AE(GF<"MJC=/GD=
+ GKL !) FL=JDAF= + 
"GM?@ ( "J==F:=J? - #9D
H=JAF  (;GFF=DD  (MFJG
$ .O=F:=J?.59@E.#9F<
"J9@9E%2=A?@LG>L@=
NA<=F;=GFL@=#ME9F9J;AFG
?=FA;ALQ G>  Environmental
Health Perspectives
'M;AG KHYF..GJA9)Ni-
veles residuales de plaguicidas en
frutas andinas TOMATE DE ÁRBOL
(Cyphomandra betacea S) y NA-
RANJILLA (Solanum quitoense)
$$+JG;A9F<AFG  $)$+,MALG
;M9<GJ6KF7
(GJ=FG'9J9 n;A<G
A;DGJG>=FGPA9;XLA;GGuía
para la salud y la seguridad Nº5
Centro Panamericano de Ecología
Humana y Salud - Programa Inter-
nacional de Seguridad de las Sus-
tancias Químicas (PISSQ - WHO).
$.)(XPA;G!
(XPA;G
(GJ?9FDiagnóstico y Trata-
miento de los envenenamientos
con Plaguicidas9=< FNAJGF
E=FL9D +JGL=;LAGF ?=F;Q +
$GO9 0
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Pazmiño, O. (2001). Plaguicidas en cinco
hortalizas que se expenden en su-
permercados y mercados de la ciu-
dad de Quito. Tesis de grado previa
a la obtención del Título de Doc-
tora en Biología, Universidad Cen-
tral del Ecuador, Facultad de
Ciencias de la Educación. Escuela
de Biología. Quito, Ecuador [s.n.].
Peter, T. & Kirchhoff, J. (1992). Manual of
Pesticide Residue Analysis. (vol. 2).
DFG Deutshe Forschugsgeneins-
chaft VHC Pesticide Commission,
Germany.
Vásquez, W., Viteri, P., Martínez, A., Vi-
llares, M., Ayala, G., Jácome, R.
(2011). Naranjilla (Solanum qui -
toen se Lam.): Tecnologías para me-
jorar la productividad y la calidad
de la fruta. Estación Experimental
Santa Catalina. Programa Nacional
de Fruticultura INIAP Plegable
No.275-1.
infoANALÍTICA
Noviembre 2013
68
infoQUIMICA FINAL:Maquetación 1 22/11/13 10:25 Página 68