Revisión de la actividad antiviral in vitro de plantas sudamericanas a propósito del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
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La alerta por la pandemia causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha desatado una carrera contra el tiempo por búsqueda de un posible tratamiento. Varios fármacos antivirales empleados para controlar el desarrollo de la enfermedad, son derivados de moléculas obtenidas de plantas, sin embargo, su aislamiento puede resultar en la disminución o anulación del efecto. El uso de plantas ancestrales en países en vías de desarrollo, donde el acceso a un tratamiento farmacológico específico aún es limitado, las terapias naturales representan la primera línea de defensa frente al virus. En el presente estudio, se analizaron varias investigaciones respecto a la actividad in vitro de plantas sudamericanas con potencial actividad antiviral, clasificadas por países (Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela). La familia Asteraceae presentó el mayor porcentaje de uso para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias con un 18 %. Se concluye que la biodiversidad de plantas sudamericanas puede ser aprovechada, por lo que se sugiere realizar un estudio in vitro sobre el virus SARS-CoV-2.
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