Electrodos modificados con nanopartículas de oro y su aplicación en biosensores electriquímicos que utilizan peroxidasa de rábano como sistema de bioreconocimiento biológico: detección de peróxido de hidrógeno
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Las reacciones de transferencia de electrones de biomoléculas son un foco importante de extensas investigaciones en Químicas, Físicas y Bioquímicas. La electroquímica proporciona herramientas poderosas para estudiar procesos de transferencia de electrones en sistemas bioquímicos, siendo las enzimas moléculas de particular interés. Entre los nanomateriales para la inmovilización de enzimas sobre superficies electródicas, las nanopartículas de oro son una buena alternativa por sus propiedades: biocompatibilidad, alta propiedades electroactivas, fuerte capacidad de adsorción, relación superficie-volumen y alta actividad catalítica. El peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2), sustrato de la enzima peroxidasa de rábano o "Horseradish Peroxidase", desempeña papeles críticos en sistemas industriales, biológicos, farmacéuticos y muchos otros campos. El nivel de concentración de H2O2 es un parámetro biológico significativo en el estudio de la enfermedad como el Alzheimer, infarto de miocardio, enfermedad de Parkinson, Cáncer, etc. Por lo anterior, es de gran importancia desarrollar métodos eficientes para la detección sensible y selectiva de H2O2 bajo condiciones fisiológicas. En el presente manuscrito, se revisa el uso de nanopartículas de oro en electrodos modificados para la inmovilización de enzimas (biosensores) para determinación de H2O2. Los resultados más relevantes indican que las nanopartículas de oro favorecen la transferencia directa de electrones entre la proteína redox y el electrodo. Las nanopartículas de oro, proporcionan un entorno natural para la inmovilización biomolecular que permite su mayor estabilidad y tiempo de vida sobre el electrodo.
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