SÍNTESIS DE DERIVADOS DE 1, 2, 3 TRIAZOL-QUITOSANO A PARTIR DE REACCIONES DE QUÍMICA CLICK Y DESARROLLO DE PELÍCULAS ACTIVAS
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Resumen
El uso descontrolado de empaques alimenticios, y la ineficiencia de procesos de reciclaje han despertado el interés en la búsqueda de macromoléculas derivadas de fuentes naturales como reemplazo de los plásticos actuales. En este sentido, se desarrolló la síntesis de derivados de quitosano a partir de reacciones de Química Click, utilizando quitosano extraído de exoesqueletos de camarón. Los derivados de 1, 2, 3 triazol-quitosano se obtuvieron mediante reacciones de cicloadición azida-alquino asistidas por ultrasonido sobre una matriz de quitosano de peso molecular medio de 453 kDa, y un grado de desacetilación mayor al 90%. Se realizaron ensayos de actividad antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli y S. typhimurium en concentraciones de 1% y 2%, se observó actividad antimicrobiana de todos los derivados, con halos de inhibición iguales o superiores a gentamicina. Asimismo, se desarrollaron películas de cada derivado utilizando PVA como plastificante. La resistencia a la tracción de las películas estuvo entre 42 MPa y 68 MPa, siendo mayores al valor obtenido para un plástico de empaque común, 41 MPa. Los ensayos de DSC evidenciaron la estabilidad térmica del quitosano y sus derivados, y permitieron determinar sus temperaturas de transición vítrea. Se realizaron medidas de AFM de las películas, la rugosidad mostro micro superficies homogéneas. Por lo tanto, las películas con derivados de 1, 2, 3 triazol-quitosano presentaron características mecánicas mejoradas, actividad antimicrobiana, temperaturas elevadas de transición vítrea y rugosidad uniforme a nivel micrométrico que le brindan potencial aplicación para el desarrollo de empaques alimenticios.
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