POTENTIAL USE OF NANOMATERIALS COMBINED WITH POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) IN ORTHOPEDIC PROSTHESES: A REVIEW
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Abstract
Traditional petroleum-derived materials like polyethylene and polypropylene are the most commonly utilized in the field of prosthetics, but the movement toward environmental conservation necessitates the investigation of novel biocompatible and biodegradable materials. Due to its low cost, polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer derived from natural sources that is utilized in a variety of applications, including orthopedic prosthesis. Nanoparticles of various natures can be added to improve the mechanical characteristics of PLA with the advancement of nanotechnology, although there is insufficient information. The physical and chemical characteristics of PLA, as well as the requirements for 3D printing with it, are described in this review. Nanocellulose, chitosan nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, titanium oxide, iron oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles are among the nanomaterials studied. The chemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility aspects of the material have been studied. As a result, some nanomaterials have been mixed with PLA, and studies comparing their mechanical characteristics reveal that nanoparticles produce better outcomes. Very few in vivo studies have been performed, only carbon nanotubes, graphene, titanium oxide, silver nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The introduction of nanoparticles could possibly enhance the mechanical properties of PLA, but further research is needed, and animal models should be utilized to evaluate their effect at the tissue level and decide whether they are acceptable for combination or coating prostheses.
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