Aplicaciones de materiales mesoporosos en la ingeniería del tejido óseo
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La ingeniería de tejidos se define como un área multidisciplinaria e interdisciplinaria cuya función principal es proponer soluciones novedosas que promuevan la regeneración o reemplazo de tejidos dañados. Las patologías óseas han sido tratadas tradicionalmente con implantes de tejido donado (injertos, aloinjertos o xenoinjertos), sin embargo, dichos tratamientos han presentado limitaciones que han promovido el desarrollo y evolución de nuevas estrategias, como es el desarrollo de la ingeniería de tejidos y de biomateriales que puedan fungir como andamios y/o matrices que puedan funcionar como liberadores de drogas. En este sentido, los materiales mesoporosos se proponen como biomateriales bioactivos, cuya característica resaltante es la gran área superficial que presentan debido a sus canales de dimensiones nanométricas. En los últimos años se ha tenido un especial interés en la sílice mesoporosa, ya que es capaz de adsorber una alta cantidad de fármaco y proporcionar una liberación controlada del mismo; también ha resultado ser estimuladora de la osteogénesis aplicándose con grandes expectativas en la regeneración ósea. El presente artículo hace una revisión de las aplicaciones de los materiales mesoporosos a base de sílice en la ingeniería del tejido óseo, tomando en cuenta la importancia del tamaño del poro y biocompatibilidad en el momento de emplearlos como sistemas de adhesión de células y liberación de fármacos.
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