Origen probable y transmisión entre especies del SARS-CoV-2
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A finales del año pasado se reportaron casos de pacientes con neumonía atípica en Wuhan, Provincia de Hubei, China. La mayoría de pacientes iniciales trabajaban, vivían o eran consumidores de productos del mercado mayorista de mariscos lo que sugirió un posible contagio de un patógeno de origen animal al ser humano. Posteriormente, se determinó que el responsable fue un coronavirus, que se llamó SARS-CoV-2, cuya rápida propagación produjo la pandemia de la enfermedad coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). La enfermedad es actualmente motivo de preocupación e intensa investigación a nivel mundial. Se han postulado teorías sobre el origen del coronavirus siendo la más aceptada que el virus proviene del pangolín malayo. Con la finalidad de reforzar esta teoría, en la presente investigación, a partir de secuencias nucleotídicas de dominio público, se seleccionaron fragmentos de secuencias nucleotídicas que codifican para la espícula glicoprotéica superficial de coronavirus en algunos organismos hospederos infectados por diferentes cepas de coronavirus incluyendo el SARS-CoV-2. De la filogenia y análisis de secuencias de amino ácidos de la espícula glicoprotéica del coronavirus se encontró posibles eventos de transmisión entre especies del virus responsable de la enfermedad incluyendo el ser humano.
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