Lead cuantification on craft beer by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry on boron-doped diamond electrode
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Abstract
Lead content was determined in six brands of craft beers from Quito-Ecuador, using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV), boron-doped diamond (BDD) as working electrode and acetate buffer as electrolytic solution. BDD was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The SEM results showed that its surface is rough and granular, where it presented a low capacitive current and a quasi-reversible electrochemical response against the Potassium Ferri/Ferrocyanide redox pair. The method was optimized with defined electrochemical signals from the analyte, a linear range between 0.3 - 1.3 mg L-1, repeatability with RSD of 4.56%, reproducibility with RSD of 9.19% and a detection limit of 0.020 mg L-1. The analyzed beers were labeled A, B, C, D, E and F, to preserve the brand identity for this study. Samples B, C, D and E comply with the NTE INEN 2262 norm for lead, whose value is below its maximum allowed limit of 0.1 mg L-1; while samples A and F exceed that limit. The method was validated by comparing results with respect to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS), where the t-student test indicates that there was no significant difference for both methods. It is concluded that the DPASV technique is an effective alternative for the determination of lead in craft beers.
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